If they bury just one suit-showing bid, a double is a replacement for that suit. After such a replacement double, partner continues as if you had actually bid the suit.

If their bid doesn't bury any suit-showing bids, a double is a replacement for a bid of no-trumps at the lowest level that would have been possible without their bid. If that no-trump bid is still available, the double is a no-stop double, denying a stop in their suit, whereas the no-trump bid shows one.

WestNorthEastSouth
12
?
Assuming it is natural, 2 buried only spades, so the auction is not disturbed. As far as possible, all our bids mean the same thing. So:
dblreplacement; West would have responded 1
2natural, unlimited, denies four spades
2limit raise
2splinter agreeing hearts etc

What if responder holds only clubs? With some hands, he might bid 3NT; otherwise, he should pass and look forward to partner re-opening the bidding with a takeout double.

WestNorthEastSouth
11
dbl
South's 1 hasn't buried any suits, so double shows a hand that would have bid 1NT. As 1NT was still available, the double denies a heart stop, whereas 1NT would have confirmed one.
WestNorthEastSouth
11NTdbl2
dbl
East's double shows a hand that would have bid 1NT had North not got there first. West's double is a replacement for the buried 2.

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